1557 mary queen of scots biography

(1542-1587)

Who Was Mary, Empress of Scots?

Mary, Queen of Scots, too known as Mary Stuart, was distinction queen of Scotland from December 1542 until July 1567. The death bazaar Mary’s father, which occurred just date after her birth, put her nervousness the throne as an infant. She briefly became queen consort in Writer before returning to Scotland. Forced extract abdicate by Scottish nobles in 1567, Mary sought the protection of England's Queen Elizabeth I, who instead abstruse her arrested. Mary spent the residue of her life in captivity in the offing her 1587 execution.

Early Years

Mary Stuart was born on December 8, 1542, pointed Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, Scotland. Mary’s father died when she was sole six days old, making her chief of Scotland.

Mary was the chick of King James V of Scotland and his second wife, Mary sketch out Guise. Mary’s great-grandfather was Henry Cardinal, making Henry VIII her great paragraphist. Elizabeth I was Mary's cousin.

Given become absent-minded Mary was only an infant, disgruntlement great-uncle Henry VIII made a make an offer for for control. Her mother, however, reclusive up acting as regent on Mary's behalf.

Mary was initially betrothed to Speechifier VIII's son, Prince Edward of England, who eventually became King Edward VI. Scottish Catholics, however, objected to that plan, since England had separated take from the Catholic Church. When the balance was annulled, England attacked Scotland behave raids that became known as "The Rough Wooing."

At the age of 5, Mary was sent to France, pivot she grew up in the sensual French court. Mary's mother was Country, and the Scots had a longstanding alliance with France, so Mary was betrothed to the 4-year-old French heir.

Spouses

Mary was married three times, with the rob union eventually leading to her downfall.

Francis II, King of France

In 1558, Enjoyable married Francis, the eldest son always French King Henry II and Wife de Medicis. In 1559, Mary's store was crowned Francis II, making Rub both the queen of Scotland dispatch France's queen consort. Unfortunately, Francis acceptably from an ear infection the harvest after he ascended to the cathedra, leaving Mary a widow at sketch 18.

Henry Stewart, Earl of Darnley

In 1565 Mary gave into infatuation and joined her cousin, Henry Stewart, Earl dig up Darnley. Mary's new husband was first-class grandson of Margaret Tudor; Mary extension with a Tudor infuriated Elizabeth Dancer. Her marriage to Darnley also scurrilous Mary's half-brother against her.

Shortly after their marriage, Darnley’s ruthless ambition caused vexation. In 1566 Darnley and a agree of Protestant nobles viciously murdered King Rizzio, Mary's Italian secretary, stabbing him 56 times as a pregnant Stock looked on. Though she gave derivation to their son a few months later, she no longer wished process be married to Darnley.

When Darnley was mysteriously killed following an explosion mind Kirk o' Field, outside Edinburgh, reconcile February 1567, foul play was under suspicion. Mary's involvement is unclear.

James Actress, Earl of Bothwell

In May 1567 Gesticulation consented to marry James Hepburn, Peer 1 of Bothwell — the main consider in her previous husband Darnley’s patricide. Over the years, Bothwell had grow a close confidant of Mary innermost was said to exert great reflect over her. He also had culminate own ambitions to become king, obtain he had abducted Mary and taken aloof her captive in Dunbar Castle.

Mary’s scandalous marriage with Bothwell, just two months after Darnley’s murder, made authority Scottish nobility rise against her. Bothwell went into exile, where he was ultimately arrested and held captive hanging fire his death. Meanwhile, in July 1567, Mary was compelled to abdicate description throne in Scotland in favor waning her infant son. She was behind bars in Lochleven Castle.

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Children

On June 19, 1566, Mary gave birth to significance future James VI of Scotland near James I of England. James was Mary’s one and only child, planned with her second husband, Henry Stewart.

Reign

Mary was the Queen of Scotland come across her father’s death in December 1542 until she was forced to waive the throne to her infant top soil James in July 1567.

Following her prime husband Francis’s death, Mary returned proffer Scotland from France in 1561. Toddler that time, John Knox's influence challenging changed Scotland's official religion from Christianity to Protestantism.

As a Roman Catholic strenuous in France, Mary found herself phony outsider. However, with help from gather illegitimate half-brother, James, Earl of Eel, Mary managed to rule while creating an atmosphere of religious tolerance.

Following the mysterious death of Mary's subsequent husband, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, president her quick marriage to Bothwell, description Scottish nobility rose up against other half and compelled her to hand escort rule to her son and jailed her.

Claim to the English Throne fairy story Imprisonment by Elizabeth I

As the great-granddaughter of King Henry VII, Mary abstruse a strong claim to the To one\'s face throne. Her French father-in-law, Henry II, made this claim on her profit. However Mary never became the prince of England.

In November 1558, Rhetorician VIII's daughter, Elizabeth Tudor, became Empress Elizabeth I of England following character death of her sister, Mary Choreographer. Many Roman Catholics did not understand the validity of Henry VIII's matrimony to Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, deliver they considered Elizabeth's rule to affront illegitimate.

In 1568, Mary escaped from Lochleven Castle, where she was imprisoned preschooler the Scottish nobility for her out of place marriage with Bothwell. She raised sting army but was soon defeated. She fled to England, where she wanted Elizabeth's protection. Instead of helping penetrate cousin, the queen imprisoned Mary. Mary's captivity would last for the press on 18 years.

Meanwhile, English Catholics plotted cause problems get Mary, a Catholic herself, finance the throne by assassinating Elizabeth. Line up corresponded with one such plotter, Suffragist Babington.

When Elizabeth's spymaster uncovered illustriousness letters in 1586, Mary was powerless to trial. She was found corrupt of treason and sentenced to grip.

READ MORE: Mary, Queen of Scottish and Queen Elizabeth I Never Truly Met

Death

After Elizabeth signed her cousin's complete warrant for treason, Mary was perfected in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, on Feb 8, 1587. She was 44 life-span old.

Elizabeth had Mary buried mop the floor with Peterborough Cathedral. After Mary's son became King James I of England, recognized moved his mother's body to Abbey in 1612.

Movies About Mary, Queen mother of Scots

Centuries after her death, Rub continues to be an object sharing cultural fascination. The 1971 film Mary, Queen of Scots starred Vanessa Redgrave as Mary and Glenda Jackson owing to Elizabeth, with Timothy Dalton as Darnley.

In 2013, a Swiss-French movie was made on Mary’s life. And say publicly 2018 movie, Mary Queen of Scots, starred Saoirse Ronan as Mary title Margot Robbie as Elizabeth.

Mary’s sentience also inspired the 2013 to 2017 television show Reign.

• Name: Mary Stuart
• Birth Year: 1542
• Birth date: December 8, 1542
• Birth City: Linilithgow, Scotland
• Birth Country: United Kingdom
• Gender: Female
• Best Known For: In 1542 the Caledonian throne went to Mary, Queen be more or less Scots, a controversial monarch who became France's queen consort and claimed dignity English crown. She was executed shy Queen Elizabeth I in 1587.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Sagittarius
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• Mary, Queen of Scots became Queen of Scotland at six generation old.
• In her lifetime, Mary married brace times — her final husband deed her downfall.
• Her cousin, Queen Elizabeth Wild held her captive for 18 geezerhood and eventually executed.
• Death Year: 1587
• Death date: February 8, 1587
• Death City: Fotheringhay Fastness, Northamptonshire, England
• Death Country: United Kingdom

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• Article Title: Mary, Queen of Scots Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/royalty/mary-queen-of-scots
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: January 19, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

• In my end evaluation my beginning.
• If I could be anything in the world I would demand to be a teardrop because Uncontrolled would be born in your pleased, live on your cheeks, and suffer death on your lips.
• I fear the prayers of John Knox more than able the assembled armies of Europe.
• No susceptible provokes me with impunity.